Indonesia

Key Statistics

Cumulative CO2 Emissions from Energy (1990-2005)

Global Rank

21st
Per Capita Global Rank

114th
Percent Global total

1.11%
Tons Per Person
18.7T

Kyoto Goals and Status

Kyoto Target, Compared to 1990

N/A
Emissions Change (1990-2007)

+79%

Key Negotiators

Map

Copenhagen Positions

Long Term Temperature Goal

+2 Degrees Celsius
2020 Target
2050 Target
Annex I 2020 Target

Aat least 18% below by 2017, and 40% by 2022

Historical and Projected Data

1990 2007 2020 2030
Polluter Rank–Per Capita (Annual)1 134th 101st*
Polluter Rank–Gross (Annual)2 18th 12th
Total Annual GHG Emissions (CO2e, millions)3 332.6Mt 594.4Mt*
Percent of Global Emissions4 1.11% 1.57%*
Tons of CO2 Per Person (Annual)5 1.9T 2.7T*
Percent of World Population6 3.4% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5%
Population (thousands) and Rank7 181,770/4th 234,694/4th 267,532/4th 288,678/4th
C02 Emissions from Energy Use (CO2e, millions) 150.6Mt8 348.9Mt9
C02 Emissions from Land Use Change & Forestry (CO2e, millions)10 2,145.8Mt
Responsibility and Capacity Index11 (Percent of Global) .45% .77%
G-20 Low Carbon Competitive Index12 (Rank/Index) #19/.40

* 2005 Data

  1. Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) Version 6.0. (Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 2009). GHG emissions from C02, CH4, N20, PFCs, HFC, SF6, excluding Land-Use Change & Forestry ↩
  2. Ibid ↩
  3. Ibid ↩
  4. Ibid ↩
  5. Ibid ↩
  6. U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base (IDB) ↩
  7. Ibid ↩
  8. CAIT, 1990 CO2 Annual Emissions from Energy. ↩
  9. CAIT, 2005 CO2 Annual Emissions from Energy. ↩
  10. CAIT, GHG emissions from C02, CH4, N20, PFCs, HFC, SF6, excluding Land-Use Change & Forestry ↩
  11. The Greenhouse Development Rights Framework, The Right to Development in A Climate Constrained World (pdf), p.6, September 2008. ↩
  12. G20 Low Carbon Competitiveness Report. (pdf) ↩

International Climate Policy

As one of world’s most populous countries and with a rapidly growing economy, Indonesia occupies along with China, India, and Brazil a key role among developing countries in reaching a deal in Copenhagen. Indonesia has also been identified as one of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change in Southeast Asia, with the capital Jakarta, who has recently suffered from a number of deadly floods, identified as the regions most vulnerable city to the impacts of climate change.

Indonesia’s emissions profile clearly underscores the urgency of addressing GHG emissions arising from land-use change as well as from the burning of fossil fuels.   Indonesia has the highest rates of deforestation in the world, and according to some estimates, Indonesia ranks 3rd behind China & the United States if emissions from Land Use Change and Forestry are included, (4th if the EU is ranked in aggregate )  By comparison, Indonesia is 12th largest emitter of greenhouse gases associated with energy production and burning of fossil fuels.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono recently committed Indonesia to cut its emissions 26% below BAU by 2020, and further pledged to reduce emissions and additional 15% if adequate international financial support was provided.

Negotiation Bloc:  G-77 & China
Participant in: Major Economies Forum (MEF), G20

Recent Negotiation News

Road to Copenhagen: Helping Indonesia advance as its emissions decrease (Jakarta Post, October 27th)
…The million-dollar question that needs to be answered now is this: “Is it technically possible for the world’s economic development to continue, leading to increased energy demand and changes in land use, by using clean and sustainable energy sources and technologies and by ensuring a healthy and balanced environment?”…For Indonesia, economic development typically implies larger dependence on climate-sensitive sectors, in particular the energy and land-use sectors.Energy plays an important role in boosting a country’s economy and social welfare. It supplies the fuels that transform raw materials in production systems for domestic and export commodities.

Japan Offers Indonesia Climate Change Loan (Australia Network News, October 26th)
The Japanese prime minister, Yukio Hatoyama, has offered a loan to the Indonesian president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, to help his country deal with climate change. Mr Hatoyama made the offer on the sidelines of an Asia-Pacific leaders meeting at the Thai resort of Hua Hin. The yen-denominated loan would total $400 million.

Government/UN/NGO Links/

PEACE (Pelangi Energi Abadi Citra Enviro)

Indonesia & Climate Change : Current Status and Politics (World Bank Report, 2007)

Indonesia’s First National Communication to UNFCCC (Oct 1999, 1994 Reporting Yr)

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